Immigration carrots and sticks

Lawrence Solomon
National Post
March 23, 2006

Immigrant criminals and immigrant terrorists are giving immigration a bad name. Stephen Harper should live up to his law-and-order image and throw these miscreants out of the country. They do not aspire to the Canadian dream. They do not contribute to society. Canadians owe them nothing.

At the same time, Harper should live up to his family-values work-ethic image and open the door wide to immigration. “New Canadians represent the essence of the Canadian experience and the Canadian dream,” he said prior to the election. “New Canadians bring deeply held values to our shared country. Things like the importance of honesty and hard work, a commitment to children and to family life, and a respect for law and order. These are Canadian values, and these are the core values that I will bring to a new Conservative government.”

Here is how Harper should bring the immigration carrots and the immigration sticks to bear.

First the carrots.

To attract family-oriented immigrants, Harper should end policies that discriminate against immigrants who want to come with their families, or reunite with their families. Through arbitrary restrictions that discourage relatives, the Canadian government’s immigration policy discriminates precisely against those for whom family is foremost, even immigrants who have bona-fide sponsors in Canada, able and willing to assume financial responsibility for them.

The federal government discriminates against family members for one reason above all others: the cost of providing them with health care. Harper can end this poison pill in our health-care system, and make good on his election vow to see that Canadian licensing bodies recognize the foreign credentials of qualified practitioners, by negotiating programs with provincial licensing bodies to fast-track licensing of immigrant doctors who run immigrant practices. The licensing bodies have been foot-dragging on providing full accreditation, in part because immigrant doctors lack the bedside manner and communication skills needed to serve the native-born Canadian population. While such factors may justify going slow on giving newcomers responsibility for the care of the native born, they also argue for making haste in the case of foreign physicians serving familiar immigrant populations, pending their full accreditation.

As other carrots, the federal government should drop its attempts to tell immigrants where to live within Canada. Coercing immigrants to settle outside the major cities, which have the sizeable ethnic communities required to support local ethnic economies, as well as provide friends and marriage partners, is condescending and counterproductive in increasing immigration. Likewise, the government should drop requirements that immigrants land on our shores, their fortunes already made, with money to invest. The typical millionaire in North America is an immigrant who came to our shores with little or no money, and no fear of hard work.

The sticks should be clubs. While immigrants on average have crime rates far lower than those of the native born, immigrants from some Latin American and Caribbean countries far exceed the Canadian average. But regardless of country of birth, deportations of criminals should be the rule, not the exception, and they should be carried out quickly, not dragged out over a matter of years.

To discourage criminals and terrorists from gaining the protections of citizenship, and to make Canadian citizenship a prize worthy of effort, Canada should require immigrants to reside here for 10 exemplary years before becoming eligible for citizenship. Criminal or terrorist conduct should not only lead to deportation, it should also cause harm to a sponsor through loss of a bond, to give pause to anyone who would lightly sponsor a friend or relative about whom he harboured doubt. As a corollary, sponsors with good track records, and upright reputations, should have their friends and relatives fast-tracked. Rewarding those with good judgment, and holding accountable those who have served Canada poorly, will create a virtuous selection process, leading Canada to be increasingly populated by those with good values and depopulated of those who would do us harm.

Sticks would help would-be immigrants by reducing blanket opposition to immigration based on fear of crime. Three in four Canadian city dwellers are now afraid to walk in their neighbourhoods at night, and one in three is “very concerned” that a member of his household will be the victim of a crime. A “good-riddance-to-bad-rubbish” policy will reduce valid concerns that now keep immigrants out.

Such a policy would also serve Canada’s existing citizenry well. Because we now don’t offer immigrants the opportunities they desire, too few come and of those who do, too many leave. Without improving our record, the consequences would be dire: Economic growth will slow and, as the population ages, the diminishing number of young will balk at paying benefits for the elderly. Most of all, the work force will become rapidly depleted, pushing up the cost of labour and thus the cost of living. Harper understands better than most: “All evidence suggests that Canada will only be able to meet its current and future work-force needs by recruiting and taking full advantage of the skills of foreign-trained professionals and trades-people,” he stated. “This is the most important challenge we must overcome in the area of immigration.”

Job No. 1 in attracting the immigrants we need is repelling those we don’t want.

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Six ways to beautify our cities

Lawrence Solomon
National Post
March 10, 2006

Charlottetown Mayor Clifford Lee wants to beautify his city. So does Toronto Mayor David Miller, Vancouver Mayor Sam Sullivan and literally hundreds of other mayors across Canada who tout beautification campaigns for their towns and cities, often with the sponsorship of the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation that’s big on beautification.

I have no quarrel with the approach taken by many of these beautifiers. Who could argue with the exhortations to “tidiness” and “floral displays” that most cities endorse through national and provincial Communities in Bloom programs? But I do offer some recommendations of my own to help the gardens grow and make us all proud.

1. Abolish property taxes. In European countries that taxed property on the basis of window size, property owners minimized glass to minimize tax. In Canada, where we tax all improvements to property and reward dilapidation with tax decreases, we likewise foster a shuttered facade: One of my neighbours has a delightful home interior, to the amazement of those who enter it for the first time. From the outside it resembles a hovel.

Property taxes also pit neighbour against neighbour, as seen in decades of battles over the gentrification of inner city communities. Rather than rejoicing that their neighbourhoods were being upgraded by newcomers with style and energy, the poor and those on fixed incomes grew fearful as rising property values – and thus rising taxes – increased their cost of living in their own homes, although they cost the city not one extra dime in services. These long-standing residents, suddenly asset rich but cash poor, and faced with the prospect of leaving their homes, took to opposing their neighbours’ improvements and often succeeded.

2. Abolish minimum parking requirements. To minimize disputes over parking – the single biggest neighbourhood complaint in any big city – politicians force property owners to provide more parking than they otherwise would and also prevent property owners from replacing their parking facilities with, say, a garden. No city beautification program would mandate more asphalt. No city should, either.

3. Abolish apartheid neighbourhoods. In most cities, the liveliest, most engaging neighbourhoods intertwine commercial and residential uses. Montreal’s vibrancy comes largely of such mixed uses. By all means, enforce bylaws to control noise and other nuisances but don’t rule out benign neighbourhood businesses through class-based zoning.

4. Decrease city planning. With rare exceptions, the handsomest districts of any city were created before the era of planners. Without rigid rules dictating setbacks from sidewalks, distances from lot lines and sizes of buildings, individual property owners continually adapted their properties to meet the changing needs of their families – an addition on the back when more children came along, a partition to form a duplex when the children left and income was needed to carry the property. The flexibility that came of minimal rules also allowed owners to manage their properties efficiently, keeping them in good repair, to the credit of the neighbourhood.

5. Privatize garbage collection. Before governments municipalized garbage collection service, homeowners had access to a range of services. In many municipalities, garbage cans would be picked up from the side or the back of the house, neatly emptied and then returned to their proper place. With the advent of government control, and an emphasis on union rules and cutbacks in service, unsightly and foul-smelling garbage is usually left overnight by the street and emptied garbage cans are generally strewn on sidewalks and front yards the following day, until residents return from work.

6. Entrench property rights. City bylaws are written to disallow almost any development of any size, forcing the developer to require city permission for virtually any proposal. This, in turn, leads to community consultations and to the politicization of all design decisions. Through this process, the designs drawn up by the greatest architects in the world are routinely trumped by neighbourhood committees that, in effect, force their own views of desirable design upon the architect and the developer. Design by committee is necessarily pedestrian. Cities become mundane.

The bottom line on beautification: Less government means more beauty. The government that steps out of areas that should properly be left to the citizenry will be doing a beautiful thing.

Lawrence Solomon, author of the forthcoming book Toronto Sprawls, is executive director of Urban Renaissance Institute and Consumer Policy Institute, divisions of Energy Probe Research Foundation.;  www.urban.probeinternational.org.


A reader responds

Building communities

While Mr. Solomon makes some good points regarding, in particular the perverse impacts of municipal property tax systems and neighbourhood apartheid, I take issue with his notion of reducing city planning.

Unlike days of old, when contractors built a few homes in a neighbourhood, today it is common for developers to build entire subdivisions or communities with thousands of dwellings.

Unfortunately, my own experience is that the developer in our area continually, and in a willy-nilly fashion, changes the plans to increase density. Now, a planned community of 1,700 low-rise homes will grow to 2,000 units. Such increases in density can easily overtax water and sewers, which were built according to lower-density numbers. Would anyone want their basement to fill with sewage because several neighbours decided to increase the number of families living on the property? The notion of city planning is to ensure that items like the sewers and water are available and that roads can manage the traffic.

Rather than cut out city planning, how about we promote more community pride and involvement?

David Smith, National Post, March 18, 2006

Posted in Cities, Culture, Regulation, Taxation | Leave a comment

Stockholm tries tolls to curb use of cars

Lawrence Solomon
National Post
March 3, 2006

Stockholm tries tolls to curb use of cars   by Lawrence Solomon

 

London began tolling its downtown roads in 2003. The novel plan proved to be brilliant, the naysayers proved to be wrong: Traffic congestion ended as some 70,000 travellers per day switched to public transit, motorcycles, bicycles, taxis and other alternatives. 

CREDIT: Scott Barbour, Getty Images
London motorists – 70,000 a day – have
switched to alternative transportation
since a road toll was introduced.

 

In 2006, Stockholm began tolling on an even larger scale and it, too, is proving brilliant. The media and policy pundits who predicted failure are revising their views, as are members of the general public, who began 80% in opposition. All Europe, in fact, seems headed for the express lanes: Under EU-wide directives, universal road tolling systems are soon set to break out, starting with trials in the U.K. in 2010 and a four-city system in the Netherlands in 2012.

Stockholm’s local government had expected that the peak-hour tolls – as much as $3 to cross into or out of a tolling zone – would reduce traffic by 10% to 15%, increasing traffic speeds and cleaning the air. The fee system exceeded its expectation: Car traffic in these so-called Stockholm Trials plummeted 25%, public transit use is up 40% and Stockholm street traffic now resembles that of stress-free summer days.

“People love their cars,” said Ylva Yngveson of the Institute for Private Economics before the six-month trials began on Jan. 3, in predicting that Stockholm residents weren’t about to abandon their vehicles, regardless of the cost increases.

“Another study we did several years ago showed that people would more likely change jobs, work more or move in order to maintain a budget for their car.”

That prediction proved wrong. People may love their cars, but only when they’re cheap dates. When the loves became too demanding, many Stockholm residents dumped them. A study by Yngveson’s institute, a division of the Swedish bank Foreningsparbanken, may explain why.

In 2006, mostly because of the new toll system, car commuters travelling between Stockholm and its suburbs will be spending around $1,000 more, the Institute found. As a result, people have been questioning their need for a car.

The Institute study compared alternatives to owning a private vehicle. A Volkswagen Golf owner, for example, could swap his car for a transit pass and 24 10-kilometre taxi rides per month. Or, if he wanted to rent a car for a weekend each month, his former car budget would pay for 16 taxi trips plus the transit pass. A Volvo owner would have more transportation options still. His car budget would finance a transit pass and 32 taxi trips per month.

“Taxis are stereotyped as being somewhat of a luxury, but with the increase in fees, I think that this label will eventually fade,” predicts Goran Jaxeus, managing director at Taxi Stockholm. “Many people have a second car, and when they compare the cost to own and maintain it, a taxi is a clear alternative.”

Stockholm’s taxi industry expects to become a big winner in the move to tolling roads, just as London’s cabbies struck it rich when the streets of London were tolled. Those who expected to be the big losers – Stockholm retailers who feared suburban customers would stop patronizing their establishments – have just joined the ranks of the converted. According to preliminary figures released this week by the Swedish Institute of Trade, merchants are now better off, quite apart from any reluctance of suburban shoppers to make shopping trips to the city. “Trade in the city has increased. In many areas it is up 4% to 5%,” said Ulf Ramme, who led the study of sales in large shopping centres, several large shopping districts, and some 900 individual shops. Ramme speculates that a “lock-in effect” may explain the surge in business. City shoppers seem less inclined to go to out-of-town centres on weekdays, when it is likely to cost money, choosing instead to make their purchases closer to home. With all this good news, the public’s skepticism is fading. Four hundred thousand Stockholm area drivers now have transponders, allowing automatic debits from their bank accounts of the tolling charges. One person in three now favours the road toll, according to a survey conducted between Jan. 18 and Feb. 21.The trials end on July 31. A report will then be issued, followed by a referendum in September.

Lawrence Solomon, author of the forthcoming book Toronto Sprawls, is executive director of Urban Renaissance Institute and Consumer Policy Institute, divisions of Energy Probe Research Foundation.; www.urban.probeinternational.org.

Related articles:

Tolls gather speed
Toll roads v. the Canadian Accident Association
London’s green streets
Toll skeptics be damned: London’s rolling
The toll on business
The take from tolls
Don’t tax, toll: Presentation to the Canadian Home Builders’ Association
London unjammed

Don’t tax, toll
Toll today’s roads, don’t build more
How the free road lobby led us astray
Toll road commentary
Road safety
How to cut highways’ human toll

Posted in Toll roads, Transportation | Leave a comment

Getting it Right

Andre Marin

Ombudsman of Ontario

March 1 2006

Investigation into the transparency of the property assessment process and the integrity and efficiency of decision-making at the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation.

Click here to view .pdf document

Posted in Other, Taxation | Leave a comment

Cultures collide

Lawrence Solomon
National Post
February 17, 2006

The Muslims refused to assimilate. They were expelled. This was the story in Europe 400 years ago. We are watching the sequel today.

Europeans are rarely welcoming to outsiders, even when the outsiders are blond and blue-eyed and come from the country next door. When the outsiders are un-European, swarthy and Muslim, they are tolerated at best. When some Muslims also insist that Europeans stop acting like Europeans, on pain of death, European tolerance comes to an end.

In the clash of cultures between secular Europeans and extremist Muslims, there can ultimately be no compatibility or compromise, only loss by one side or the other of the absolute values it holds dear. European capitulation on European soil, where they remain the dominant majority, is unlikely: Europeans revel in their liberty to mock religion, to poke fun at sacred cows, to be outrageous, even to offend.
CREDIT: Abid Katib, Getty Images
Young Muslims protest French
government policy. French
tolerance is waning.

European leaders have reacted to the Muslim upset over the cartoons two ways. Publically and to buy time, they seek to calm the protesters by deploring the abuse of freedom of speech. More significantly, they seek to preserve their societies by legislating Western norms, by tightening or ending immigration from Muslim countries, by enabling the expulsion of radical imans and other Muslim activists, and by raising the spectre of mass deportations.

In France, hard-line Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy, who in October characterized France’s urban rioters as “rabble,” will require non-European immigrants to sign a new “Contract of Welcome and Integration” that spells out their obligations. Among other reforms, the French government will be free to expel immigrants after 10 years. Insular Muslim communities – commonplace today – are outlawed. For immigrants to stay, they will have to demonstrate respect for French norms, such as equality between men and women. “If a wife is kept hostage at home without learning French, the whole family will be asked to leave [the country],” said Mr. Sarkozy, who proposes to rank countries to determine the desirability of their immigrants.

The Danes have brought in immigration laws that are stricter still, all but ending their liberal refugee program and discouraging even temporary workers. In the wake of the cartoon riots, many in Denmark, including those in government, want to see an outright ban on Muslim immigration and to have radical leaders stripped of citizenship and deported. To preserve home-grown values, Danish Minister for Cultural Affairs Brian Mikkelsen recently called for the creation of a “canon of Danish art, music, literature and film.” Last summer, he stated that, “In Denmark we have seen the appearance of a parallel society in which minorities practice their own medieval values and undemocratic views,” adding that, “This is the new front in our cultural war.”

In Germany, which pioneered the guest-worker program in Europe, a sea change has occurred. “Multicultural societies have only . . . functioned peacefully in authoritarian states. To that extent it was a mistake for us to bring guest workers from foreign cultures into the country at the beginning of the 1960s,” said former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt. Germany’s new Chancellor, Angela Merkel, shares his view: “The notion of multiculturalism has fallen apart,” she said prior to her election. “Anyone coming here must respect our constitution and tolerate our Western and Christian roots.”

The Netherlands, which has cut immigration in half since 2001, is deporting 26,000 rejected asylum seekers and keeping new arrivals in detention camps. Under proposed legislation, women will be banned from wearing the burka anywhere in public, not just in schools and public buildings as French legislation has it. “I believe we have been far too tolerant for too long, especially being too tolerant of intolerance, and we only got intolerance back,” said Member of Dutch Parliament Geert Wilders, who has been forced to live in safe houses because of Islamist death threats. According to a recent Pew Global Attitudes poll, 51% of the Dutch view Muslims unfavourably.

Belgium may be less tolerant still. “Islam is now the number one enemy not only of Europe, but of the entire free world,” states Filip Dewinter, leader of Vlaams Belang (The Flemish Interest), now Belgium’s most popular political party. Mr. Dewinter has gained popularity by arguing that, “it is an illusion to think that a moderate Islam exists in Europe.” He states: “There are already 25 million to 30 million Muslims on Europe’s soil, and this becomes a threat. It’s a real Trojan horse.”

Many Europeans fear their Muslim populations. In Switzerland, 25% consider Muslims a threat to their country. In Italy, half the population believes a “clash of civilizations” between Islam and the West is underway and that Islam is “a religion more fanatical than any other.”

The fear debilitates but it also stiffens resolve. The President of the European Commission, Jose Manuel Barroso, backs the Danish government’s refusal to apologize for the cartoons, saying, “It’s better to publish too much than not to have freedom.” France’s Sarkozy prefers “an excess of cartooning to an excess of censorship.” Italy’s Northern League Party, a member of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s coalition government, printed T-shirts sporting the cartoons in advance of elections in April. The U.K. this week passed legislation broadening the right of free speech, no matter how offensive, barring a specific intent to provoke hatred.

Europe’s Muslims now know that they are expected to integrate or to depart. Four centuries ago, after decades of threats of expulsion, forced conversions and other failed attempts to assimilate Muslims, complaints about them – their use of Arabic, their clothes, their rejection of Western culture – were similar. “They marry among themselves and do not mix with Old Christians,” complained one report of Spain’s Moriscos (Muslims who had undergone forced conversions to Christianity). Riots by Muslims at offences perpetrated upon them added to tensions. In the end, still not assimilated, most were expelled.

Lawrence Solomon, author of the forthcoming book Toronto Sprawls, is executive director of Urban Renaissance Institute and Consumer Policy Institute, divisions of Energy Probe Research Foundation.; www.urban.probeinternational.org

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